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We summarize the week's scientific breakthroughs every Thursday.
- 			 Planetary Science Planetary ScienceA discordant name for a dwarf planetThe largest known object at the fringes of the solar system, the icy body whose discovery heated up the debate about the nature of planethood, has an apt new name. By Ron Cowen
- 			 Astronomy AstronomyEnigmatic Eruptions: Gamma-ray bursts lack supernova fireworksThe most powerful bursts in the universe may have gotten more mysterious. By Ron Cowen
- 			 Planetary Science Planetary ScienceSMART stopThe European Space Agency's first mission to the moon ended with a deliberate bang on Sept. 3. By Ron Cowen
- 			 Planetary Science Planetary ScienceMartian doingsThe Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has finished reshaping its orbit, while the venerable rover Opportunity is approaching the rim of the widest and deepest crater it has yet visited. By Ron Cowen
- 			 Astronomy AstronomyTemperamental MonstersA new theory suggests that many huge stars undergo outbursts during which they shed most of their mass late in life rather than doing it gradually over their 3-to-4-million-year lifetimes. By Ron Cowen
- 			 Planetary Science Planetary ScienceOversize Orb: Puffy planet poses puzzleAstronomers have discovered what may be the largest planet ever found, an orb 36 percent wider than Jupiter that circles a nearby star. By Ron Cowen
- 			 Planetary Science Planetary ScienceRare Uranian eclipseThe Hubble Space Telescope has for the first time recorded an eclipse on Uranus. By Ron Cowen
- 			 Astronomy AstronomyToo Much Deuterium?A new study appears to solve a 35-year-old puzzle about the distribution of deuterium in the Milky Way, but poses new questions about how stars and galaxies are formed. By Ron Cowen
- 			 Planetary Science Planetary ScienceDoggone! Pluto gets a planetary demotionThe solar system has only eight planets, and Pluto isn't one of them, according to the first-ever definition of a planet, approved last week by the General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union. By Ron Cowen
- 			 Astronomy AstronomySpiral galaxy in the young universeAstronomers have identified a galaxy that had already begun to resemble the modern Milky Way when the universe was only 3 billion years old, one-fifth of its current age. By Ron Cowen
- 			 Astronomy AstronomyEnlightened: Dark matter spotted after cosmic crashIn the aftermath of a cosmic crash between two galaxies, researchers say they've detected invisible dark matter for the first time. By Eric Jaffe
- 			 Astronomy AstronomyCosmic bignessAstronomers have found the largest structures ever discovered in the universe. By Ron Cowen