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We summarize the week's scientific breakthroughs every Thursday.
- 			 Health & Medicine Health & MedicineLimiting sugar in infancy reduces the risk of diabetes and hypertensionChildren who experienced sugar rationing during World War II were less likely to develop some chronic illnesses as adults than those with no rationing. By Skyler Ware
- 			 Science & Society Science & SocietyUsing AI, historians track how astronomy ideas spread in the 16th centuryA new AI machine learning technique helped historians analyze 76,000 pages from astronomy textbooks spanning nearly two centuries. 
- 			 Archaeology ArchaeologyA race to save Indigenous trails may change the face of archaeologyAs construction of a pipeline nears, an effort to preserve an Indigenous trail in Canada tests whether heritage management can keep up with advances in archaeology. By Sujata Gupta
- 			 Health & Medicine Health & MedicineAre synthetic food dyes bad for you? Here’s what the science says.California is banning them in schools. The FDA says they’re fine. But synthetic dyes added to food to make them more colorful have a long, troubled history. 
- 			 Health & Medicine Health & MedicineDrop in vaping drives tobacco product use by U.S. youth to a record lowThe fewest number of U.S. middle and high school students are currently using tobacco products since the National Youth Tobacco Survey began in 1999. 
- 			 Health & Medicine Health & MedicineMale mosquitoes sometimes suck, tooBlood isn’t actually toxic to all male mosquitos. In at least one virus-carrying species, it may even help them live longer. 
- 			 Health & Medicine Health & MedicineA new implant tested in animals reverses drug overdosesIn pigs, the device detected overdoses and administered naloxone. It could also alert emergency services to respond. By Anna Gibbs
- 			 Archaeology ArchaeologySilk Road cities reached surprising heights in Central Asia’s mountainsDrones with lasers revealed hidden urban centers that may have aided trade and travel through mountainous regions during medieval times. By Bruce Bower
- 			 Health & Medicine Health & MedicineOnce-weekly insulin might mean fewer shots for some with diabetesRecent clinical trials of weekly insulin highlight how this formulation may be useful in managing diabetes, but the drug has limitations. 
- 			 Health & Medicine Health & MedicineDoula care may lead to fewer C-sections or preterm birthsA new study comparing the health outcomes of Medicaid patients with and without a doula suggests the extra support during pregnancy may be beneficial. 
- 			 Science & Society Science & SocietyIs U.S. democracy in decline? Here’s what the science saysPolitical scientists disagree over how to interpret a slight dip in the health of U.S. democracy. By Sujata Gupta
- 			 Health & Medicine Health & Medicine50 years ago, chronic pain mystified scientistsChronic pain has puzzled scientists for decades, but diagnoses and treatments have come a long way. By Aina Abell