By examining gas lit up by an exploding star, astronomers have obtained new insight into how a common type of supernova erupts.
According to a widely accepted model, the stage is set for a type 1a supernova when a dense, Earthsize star called a white dwarf steals gas from a bloated companion star. When the gas-guzzling white dwarf tips the scales at more than 1.4 times the mass of the sun, it blows to smithereens.
That’s the theory, but astronomers aren’t sure that they’ve got it exactly right. Getting the model correct is critical because researchers rely on type 1a supernovas to measure the distance and expansion rate of the universe.
Ferdinando Patat of the European Southern Observatory in Garching, Germany, and his colleagues studied in detail the type 1a supernova SN 2006X, recorded by telescopes last year as it erupted in a galaxy 70 million light-years from Earth.
Spectra taken at the Very Large Telescope in Paranal, Chile, and the Keck Observatory on Hawaii’s Mauna Kea show evidence of fast-moving clumps of material near the exploded white dwarf.
The speed of the clumps, about 50 kilometers per second, and their separation suggest that they were probably expelled by a red giant star—the white dwarf’s presumed companion—about 50 years before the dwarf detonated.
Red giants are known to have strong winds that could carry off large clumps of material at the measured speeds. By indicating the presence of a red giant, the observations support the prevailing model of how type 1a supernovas detonate, Patat’s team reports in an upcoming Science.
