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  1. Earth

    Sulfur Studies: Early Earth’s air was oxygen-poor

    Analyses of ancient sulfide minerals and the modern organisms that create sulfides are giving scientists a better idea of what Earth's atmosphere and oceans may have been like billions of years ago.

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  2. 19194

    Your article reports that adding single-wall carbon nanotubes to a ceramic can “nearly triple its resistance to fracturing.” The similar technology of adding tubes (straw) to bricks has been around for thousands of years and is of comparable effectiveness. Lee W. CaspersonPortland, Ore.

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  3. Materials Science

    Fracture Protection: Nanotubes toughen up ceramics

    The addition of carbon nanotubes to a ceramic material dramatically improves its fracture resistance.

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  4. Wonderful World of Color

    What causes color? This nicely illustrated Web site offers vivid explanations of the different ways in which color arises when light interacts with matter. Go to: http://webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/

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  5. Math

    Lacing Shoes, Revisited

    What is the best way to lace your shoes? This seemingly simple question, rooted in everyday life, can provoke passionate argument–and prompt a mathematical response. Three common lacing styles. Here are some alternative lacings you could try. The first two work only if your shoes have an even number of eyelet pairs. Watch out, though. […]

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  6. Math

    Lacing Shoes, Revisited

    What is the best way to lace your shoes? This seemingly simple question, rooted in everyday life, can provoke passionate argument–and prompt a mathematical response. Three common lacing styles. Here are some alternative lacings you could try. The first two work only if your shoes have an even number of eyelet pairs. Watch out, though. […]

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  7. Brain learns to sharpen its focus

    A brain-imaging study indicates that visual learning intensifies activity in a specific part of the neural gateway for information transmitted from the eyes.

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  8. Astronomy

    Runaway black hole

    Observing a black hole and its visible companion star caroming through our galaxy, astronomers have found the best evidence to date that stellar-mass black holes are born during supernova explosions.

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  9. Materials Science

    Carbon nanotubes beam electrons

    Researchers have taken a step toward using carbon nanotubes as electron sources in devices such as high-resolution electron microscopes.

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  10. Health & Medicine

    Getting the iron out

    A new oral drug called ICL670 works as well as an injectable treatment in relieving iron overload in the blood.

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  11. Health & Medicine

    Protein vaccine slows leukemia

    A cancer vaccine fashioned from a piece of a compound called proteinase-3 shows promise against leukemia.

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  12. Earth

    Mapping with GRACE

    Global gravity maps compiled from data painstakingly gathered during the last 30 years have now been rendered obsolete by a pair of satellites that were launched just last March.

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