Here’s why pipe organs seem to violate a rule of sound
A vortex of vibrating air extends pipe length, lowering fundamental tone
![image of a pipe organ](https://i0.wp.com/www.sciencenews.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/050422_bdh_pipe-organ_feat.jpg?fit=1030%2C580&ssl=1)
A swirling cap of resonating air explains why the fundamental tones of wind instruments including pipe organs and flutes sound lower than math says they should.
Eric Mok/Unsplash