November 8th, 2008
issue

  • With plastics in museums decomposing, a new effort seeks to halt the demise of materials commonly thought to be unalterable (p. 34)
  • Mimicking the addictive compound’s action in the brain could lead to new drugs for Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and schizophrenia (p. 28)
  • The next generation of birds chooses its music (p. 22)
  • Even as African elephants struggle to recover from decades-old poaching, the animals face new and renewed threats today. (p. 5)
  • A plan to switch the Hubble Space Telescope to a backup system works, waking up the telescope after more than two weeks of silence. (p. 8)
  • The NASA MESSENGER spacecraft completed its second flyby of Mercury, yielding crisp new images of a large swath of the planet not seen before. (p. 8)
  • Astronomers have discovered the first comet that appears to be a contact binary — two chunks somehow held together by a narrow neck of material. (p. 9)
  • Astronomers have found, in the frozen reaches beyond Neptune, two gravitationally bound objects that compose the most widely spaced binary system known in the solar system. (p. 9)
  • Planetary scientists have gotten their closest look yet at polar storms on the ringed planet. These polar cyclones are big enough to engulf Earth. (p. 9)
  • Giant Jupiter, often thought to protect the inner planets from space debris, may sometimes acts as a sniper, hurling material toward Earth. (p. 9)
  • Theorem identifies cases in which infinite-choice games will have at least one Nash equilibrium. (p. 10)
  • Culture may turn potentially high achievers away from math, new study suggests. (p. 10)
  • A DNA analysis of skeletons found at a submerged Israeli site produces the earliest known evidence of human tuberculosis, now known to have existed at a 9,000-year-old farming settlement. (p. 12)
  • British Gulf War veterans responded to military secrecy by talking among themselves about their health problems. Through rumor, the vets collectively defined the controversial ailment known as Gulf War Syndrome, a new study suggests. (p. 12)
  • Fifty-five years later, new analyses of leftovers from Stanley Miller's famous 'primordial soup' experiment suggest that life could have originated near volcanoes. (p. 14)
  • A second case of a virgin shark birth suggests some female sharks may be able to reproduce without males. (p. 14)
  • Between a fifth and a third of the world’s mammal species face the threat of extinction. (p. 15)
  • Rocks beneath a coal mine in Colombia have yielded fossils of what could be the world's largest snake, a 12.8-meter–long behemoth that's a relative of today's boa constrictors. (p. 15)
  • Where stalagmites start and stop in caves could offer more precise clues about when major earthquakes have hit (and could again hit) the Midwest. (p. 16)
  • This summer, the area covered by Arctic sea ice dropped to its second-lowest since satellite measurements began in 1979. (p. 16)
  • Fossils of trees that grew in Antarctica millions of years ago suggest a growth pattern much different than modern trees. (p. 16)
  • Trace elements in the carbonate shells of freshwater mussels could serve as an archive of road salt pollution. (p. 16)
  • Seven immense coral boulders — one of them a three-story-tall, 1,200-metric-ton monster — have been found far inland on a Tongan island and may be the world's largest tsunami debris. (p. 16)
  • An investigation of a man who received a successful hand transplant suggests that reorganization of sensory maps in the brain following amputation can be reversed in short order. (p. 18)
  • Mothers-to-be impart antibodies to offspring that pay dividends later (p. 18)
  • Preliminary evidence suggests that children’s regular exposure to heavy air pollution can be accompanied by brain inflammation and lowered scores on intelligence tests. (p. 18)
  • Parkinson’s disease patients are more commonly lacking in vitamin D than Alzheimer’s patients or healthy people. (p. 18)
  • Scientists have discovered how a single bacterial species living in a gold mine in South Africa survives on its own. Its genome contains everything it needs to live independently. (p. 20)
  • A team engineers microbes to perform AND, OR, NAND and NOR logic operations. (p. 20)
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