Apollo or Manhattan Project: Which Paradigm Fits Energy Better?
Web edition : Friday, September 19th, 2008
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In Wednesday’s posting, I forgot to mention the release of a related petition that has been endorsed by some 70 organizations — ones that likely represent a majority of working scientists and engineers. This new document, destined for the desks of Barack Obama and John McCain, describes why the signatory groups consider investing substantially more money into basic energy research a national imperative.

At the Wednesday briefing I covered, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory director
Steven Chu and MIT president Susan Hockfield both likened the scale of federal investment and effort needed as being the modern corollary of the Apollo program, which landed the first man on the moon. Explained Hockfield: “For my generation of scientists and engineers, the Apollo mission was our inspiration, the galvanizing event that showed the vast power of science and technology to create change. Today at MIT, our students see energy as their Apollo, their generation’s new cause and driving mission.”

I understand Hockfield’s analogy, but also think it misses the mark. While going to the moon was inspirational, it was hardly essential. I would argue that a better comparison would be to the Manhattan Project that created nuclear weaponry. It proved a defining endeavor because it helped end a long and bloody war. Despite the horrific devastation it wrought on two Japanese cities, it likely saved many more lives than it took — and ultimately brought a form of democracy to one of the world powers behind that war.

In fact, wars might eventually break out over rights to energy resources, if current policies prevail. And the polluting fossil fuels that the world relies on today already cause choking illness and death to millions of people each year. And then there’s that carbon dioxide issue. We can’t continue to spew huge quantities without eventually causing huge havoc to Earth’s climate.

A potentially peaceable Manhattan Project — to develop sustainable energy supplies — won’t come cheap. Then again, the alternative, business-as-usual policy is already costing the planet dearly, just in more diffuse, hard-to-tally ways.

And I think that’s what this new petition meant to argue — but didn't.

Instead, it offers cogent reasons for spending more on energy research. People have heard these arguments for years, and comfortably ignored them.

I think the new petition should have taken a tack more akin to Jimmy Carter’s “moral equivalent of war” rhetoric. Scare people into doing the right thing. Because the prospect facing Americans and everyone else on the planet is, in fact, downright scary.

The only people for whom it isn’t, in my humble opinion, are those who play ostrich.

By the way, you can read the new petition at the Association of American Universities — and see the impressive list of organizations that have already endorsed it.


Found in: Matter & Energy and Science & Society
Comments 4
  • Good thinking excepting for one major and controlling aspect of our American existence between the Manhattan Project and today, to wit: Comity was prime then; educational standards were goals for individuals to achieve; today American system of public education is a failure, and we must import PhD's to conduct the research. The few dedicated doctoral students are drowned by the flood of Law school graduates who are essentially skilled elocutionists and wordsmiths programmed to think comparatively absent application of the natural creative human instinct. Our Congress cancelled the Waxahatie Texas, Super Collider - which was carried on latterly at CERN Switzerland. Before embracing impossible dreams it would be best to spend our remaining limited budget of trying to raise our standards by which we determine an educated person. Those standards have been schredded since 1950. Our current Congress is an example of abject culpability for our plight . . . and wherein the word
    " change " has been gamed to mean " more of the same. "
    david walsh david walsh
    Sep. 20, 2008 at 1:16am
  • We already have the technology. It would be fueled by the so called waste of the current Nuclear Reactors. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_Fast_Reactor. My improvements: 1) buried underground - for increased safety and reduced footprint 2) run by the organization with the best Nuclear Safety record, the US Navy 3) as with all the other 200+ national security US Navy Nuclear Reactors secret locations.

    The alternative is a world paved over by solar panels, windmills, and switch grass - with giant energy footprints for each of the Earth's 6.7+ billion people.
    mark.c.oliver@gmail.com mark.c.oliver@gmail.com
    Sep. 20, 2008 at 7:25am
  • Manhattan Project ... Apollo ... as one who lived during both, they are interesting paradigms, but I would submit that to the millennial generation ancient history, sort of like the Panama Canal or the pyramids. The crisis defined by limited oil and global warning is, imho, bigger than both Manhattan and Apollo, and more essential to the survival of the planet than either. It is a global project and can succeed only through global collaboration, something that has never happened before on this scale. Sending humans to Mars or establishing a colony on the moon are similarly huge, but not as urgent.

    This endeavor certainly can and should be an inspiration for the millennial generation and for all of us, but it is without precedent. It is a call to greatness. Let us begin.
    Chas Chas
    Sep. 20, 2008 at 11:30am
  • During both the Manhattan Project and the Apollo Project, new technology had to be invented before project goals could be achieved. In the current situation of deploying "clean" alternatives to shrinking flows of petroleum, that is not the case. We already possess most of the technology to begin ameliorating these problems.

    What's missing now is the will and the social organization to proceed with essentially low-tech projects which will not significantly enrich any person or group. Because capitalism allocates raw materials, goods, services and labor on the basis of material rewards, it is problematic to launch projects whose benefits are felt across the entire society rather than by a few persons or organizations. This is especially true now, when the rate of extraction of raw materials is slowing, so that larger shares of existing resources have to be used to discover and extract new natural resources.

    My answer then is that neither the Manhattan Project nor the Apollo Project constitute good models for an Alternative Energy program. Instead we must look to social and educational projects to increase the desirability of cooperative endeavors to get us all out of the dangerous mess we have created.
    Ralph Dratman Ralph Dratman
    Sep. 20, 2008 at 2:47pm
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